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Moreover, Manhas Health Co. Learn more about Botox Clinic New Westminster here. partners with local schools to educate students on skin health, emphasizing the importance of starting care routines early.

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However, the evidence lies in the visible results. Moving beyond body sculpting, we're excited to introduce our latest anti-aging innovations designed to rejuvenate your skin and restore its youthful radiance. Additionally, if you're dealing with urinary incontinence, a frequent concern post-childbirth or with aging, this treatment offers a promising solution. Learn more about Non-invasive facial rejuvenation New Westminster here
At Manhas Health Co., you're not just another appointment on the schedule; you're the center of a personalized aesthetic journey tailored just for you. An in-depth consultation with a qualified practitioner in Non-invasive facial rejuvenation New Westminster can help determine if Morpheus 8 aligns with your skin goals and medical history. Read more about Non-invasive facial rejuvenation New Westminster here Diving into the world of chemical peels, you'll uncover a myriad of benefits aimed at revitalizing your skin by shedding the old, dull surface to reveal a smoother, more youthful complexion beneath.
Results vary, but many see signs of new hair growth within a few months, with improvements continuing over time. This plan isn't just about choosing the right Evolve-X procedures; it's about timing, frequency, and even aftercare, ensuring your journey is as effective and comfortable as possible. Choosing Manhas Health Co means you're prioritizing your skin's health and beauty, with a team that's genuinely invested in seeing you achieve smooth, radiant skin.
The prime candidates for this innovative treatment are those experiencing the early signs of aging. Before deciding, you'll have a consultation at Manhas Health Co., where your medical history, current health status, and goals will be discussed. During this session, you'll have the opportunity to express what you're hoping to achieve and discuss any specific issues you'd like to address. Botox for droopy eyelids New Westminster

You won't need anesthesia, as the procedure is relatively painless, with most clients reporting only a slight warming sensation. So, as you embark on this journey with Forma Face Sculpting, you're not just enhancing your appearance; you're embracing a cutting-edge solution that promises to rejuvenate your skin from within. Moreover, Manhas Health Co. doesn't stop at treatments. At Manhas Health Co, you're not just another face in the crowd seeking to reclaim youth; you're embarking on a personalized journey towards enhancing your natural beauty.

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Lastly, your commitment to maintaining the results with a proper skincare routine and healthy lifestyle choices will ensure the longevity of your youthful glow. Seeing is believing, and in this case, the after results speak volumes about the power of Advanced Forma Face Sculpting to rejuvenate and refresh. After diligently following post-treatment care tips, you're now ready to celebrate the glowing results of your dermaplaning or chemical peel.

This innovative approach heats the skin's underlying network of collagen and elastin fibers. You don't need to navigate through a complicated system or wait endlessly on the phone. However, you might notice some redness, which should subside within a few hours. Best Botox injector New Westminster

This isn't just about losing weight; it's about reshaping and contouring your body in ways that diet and exercise alone can't achieve. Manhas Health Co. offers a range of revolutionary aesthetic services designed to meet your unique beauty and wellness needs with precision and care. Your story could be next.

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Entity Name Description Source
Botulinum toxin Description for Botulinum toxin Source
Skeletal muscle Description for Skeletal muscle Source
Eyelid Description for Eyelid Source
Eye drop Description for Eye drop Source
Injectable filler Description for Injectable filler Source
Marionette lines Description for Marionette lines Source
Lip Description for Lip Source
Dermatology Description for Dermatology Source
Mohs surgery Description for Mohs surgery Source
Skin cancer Description for Skin cancer Source
Varicose veins Description for Varicose veins Source
Melanocytic nevus Description for Melanocytic nevus Source
Collagen induction therapy Description for Collagen induction therapy Source
Platelet-rich plasma Description for Platelet-rich plasma Source
Pattern hair loss Description for Pattern hair loss Source
Skin care Description for Skin care Source
New Westminster Description for New Westminster Source
British Columbia Description for British Columbia Source
Rhinoplasty Description for Rhinoplasty Source
Masseter muscle Description for Masseter muscle Source
Submental triangle Description for Submental triangle Source
Hair loss Description for Hair loss Source
Scalp Description for Scalp Source
Hair follicle Description for Hair follicle Source
Hyperhidrosis Description for Hyperhidrosis Source
Restylane Description for Restylane Source
Physiology Description for Physiology Source

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New Westminster (colloquially known as New West) is a city in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia, Canada, and a member municipality of the Metro Vancouver Regional District. It was founded by Major-General Richard Moody as the capital of the Colony of British Columbia in 1858 and continued in that role until the Mainland and Island colonies were merged in 1866. It was the British Columbia Mainland's largest city from that year until it was passed in population by Vancouver during the first decade of the 20th century.

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Nearby Tourist Attractions

Coquitlam Heritage at Mackin House

Tourist attraction, Heritage museum, Museum
Coquitlam Heritage at Mackin House, 1116 Brunette Ave, Coquitlam, BC V3K 1G2

Deer Lake Park

Tourist attraction, Park
Deer Lake Park, 5435 Sperling Ave, Burnaby, BC V5E 2L8
Scenic picnic areas & lakeside trails leading to the Burnaby Art Gallery & other attractions.

Eagles Estate Heritage Garden

Tourist attraction, Garden
Eagles Estate Heritage Garden, 5655 Sperling Ave, Burnaby, BC V5E 2T2

Trapped Coquitlam

Tourist attraction, Amusement center, Game store, Escape room center
Trapped Coquitlam, 1300 Woolridge St #9, Coquitlam, BC V3K 6Y6

Nikkei National Museum & Cultural Centre

Tourist attraction, Community center, Museum, National museum, Recreation center, Heritage museum
Nikkei National Museum & Cultural Centre, 6688 Southoaks Crescent, Burnaby, BC V5E 4M7
Japanese-Canadian history & culture are the focus at this complex with exhibits, a garden & events.

Burnaby Village Museum

Tourist attraction, Ethnographic museum, Local history museum, Museum
Burnaby Village Museum, 6501 Deer Lake Ave, Burnaby, BC V5G 3T6
Period costumed townsfolk & a carousel are highlights of this living museum of a 1920s village.

Jundigang truck yard

South Westminster
Tourist attraction
Jundigang truck yard, 54V5+MX9, Surrey, BC V3V 4G4

Citations and other links

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Firstly, you'll notice a reduction in symptoms like dryness or discomfort, common issues that many face but seldom discuss openly. By choosing Manhas Health for your Evolve-X procedure, you're not just getting a service; you're getting a partnership with experts committed to helping you achieve your aesthetic goals with confidence and ease. While laser hair removal offers a significant stride towards achieving smooth, hair-free skin, IPL photo facials step in to address a different set of skin concerns, enhancing your complexion's overall appearance. Botox touch-ups New Westminster Having met our expert team, it's now essential to explore the environment where they apply their unmatched skills: the state-of-the-art clinic facilities at Manhas Health Co. Botox for muscle relaxation New Westminster

Moreover, our microneedling services stimulate collagen production, essential for maintaining the skin's elasticity and firmness. This heat energy encourages the natural production of collagen, the protein responsible for keeping your skin tight and elastic. You'll see a youthful glow that you might've thought was lost to time.

Morpheus 8 treatment is ideal for individuals seeking to reduce wrinkles, tighten skin, and improve overall skin texture without undergoing invasive surgery. Inspired by the transformative experiences shared by clients, it's now your opportunity to explore how vaginal rejuvenation at Manhas Health Co.

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can benefit you by scheduling your consultation. It's not every day that one encounters a breakthrough poised to redefine the standards of non-invasive cosmetic enhancements.

Foods rich in vitamins and minerals, especially those high in protein, can aid in your recovery. Follow these directions closely to prevent infection and promote optimal healing. You'll not only notice a reduction in hair loss, but also a significant improvement in hair density and thickness.

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Exploring the benefits of treatment, you'll discover that rejuvenation can significantly enhance your quality of life by boosting confidence and comfort in your intimate health. So, why should you keep an eye on Manhas Health Co.?

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We're proud to showcase the real results of our clients, providing you with a transparent look at what's possible when you trust Manhas Health Co. for your aesthetic needs. You can expect to return to your daily activities shortly after the session ends.

They provide expert advice on skincare routines, recommending products that complement the procedures you choose. This conversation is crucial; it guides us in selecting the perfect combination of dermaplaning and chemical peels, tailored just for you. Following these steps diligently won't only enhance the longevity of your Forma Face Sculpting results but also contribute to overall skin health.

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While the results of Advanced Forma Face Sculpting are undeniably impressive, it's crucial to also consider the safety and potential side effects of this cosmetic procedure. You might be wondering if you're a good candidate for these treatments. At Manhas Health Co., we're committed to providing you with the most effective and comfortable experience.

Unlike more invasive procedures, face sculpting allows you to return to your daily activities immediately, making it a convenient option for your busy lifestyle. Preventative Botox New Westminster We'll work with you to identify your aesthetic goals and select the treatments that best suit your needs and lifestyle. Keep an eye on our website or sign up for our newsletter to stay updated on these opportunities.

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They're there to answer your questions and guide you through your aesthetic journey with integrity and compassion. Your journey with Manhas Health Co begins with a personalized consultation, tailor-made to understand your unique aesthetic goals and concerns. To book your first consultation at Manhas Health Co., simply visit our website or give us a call, and we'll guide you through every step of the process. Providing a complete picture of your skin's condition and history helps us tailor the treatment to suit you perfectly, minimizing any risks and maximizing the benefits.

She's not alone in her journey; many echo her sentiments, emphasizing the personal and intimate benefits they've experienced. Use a high-quality moisturizer that suits your skin type to prevent dryness and flakiness. It's like waking up your scalp's natural ability to grow hair.

It takes time for your body to produce collagen, so you'll notice improvements gradually over several weeks.

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Booking your visit with Manhas Health Co. is a straightforward and hassle-free process, ensuring you're one step closer to achieving your aesthetic goals. It's also essential to schedule a consultation before making any decisions.

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The magic lies in the application, executed by skilled professionals at Manhas Health Co, who ensure that your natural beauty is enhanced, not overshadowed. This bespoke approach not only targets your current concerns but also anticipates future needs, helping to prevent the signs of aging before they start. You're not just investing in a temporary fix; you're embracing an opportunity to redefine your features with results that can last from several months to a couple of years, depending on the product used.

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Fillers aren't a one-size-fits-all solution. With Evolve-X, you're in control, and the journey to achieving your ideal body becomes a collaborative effort between you and your practitioner. Sun protection can't be overstated. With cutting-edge technology and a team of dedicated professionals, these treatments are more than just procedures; they're a transformative experience.

To kick off your Evolve-X body sculpting journey, the first step is scheduling a consultation with a Manhas Health expert.

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If you're noticing symptoms like dryness, discomfort during intercourse, or urinary incontinence, you could be an ideal candidate. First off, we'll send you a welcome packet.

The treatment rooms boast the latest in aesthetic technology, ensuring that you're getting the most advanced treatments available. Face sculpting utilizes cutting-edge technology to gently remodel your skin from within, stimulating collagen production for a firmer, more youthful appearance. To minimize complications, it's essential to choose a reputable provider experienced in these treatments.

No problem. Don't worry if you're unsure about what treatments you're interested in. Evolve-X's non-invasive procedure means you can achieve your body goals without the need for surgery, ensuring a safer and more comfortable experience.

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You'll hear about Maria, too, who combined both treatments. This innovative treatment harnesses the power of your own plasma, rich in platelets, to kick-start the repair and rejuvenation process.

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It's a process that leverages your body's natural healing abilities, supercharging them to work in specific, targeted areas. Don't wait any longer to transform your body and boost your confidence. It's all part of our pledge to not just meet but exceed your expectations in both results and care. Botox for scar softening New Westminster
Sunburned or tanned skin can negatively affect the treatment's effectiveness and increase the risk of complications. Recognizing that each client has unique needs, we create personalized treatment plans tailored just for you. Hearing firsthand from those who've undergone vaginal rejuvenation at Manhas Health Co.

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can provide invaluable insights into the procedure's effectiveness and impact. Your first step involves a detailed consultation with our experts, who'll map out a custom plan designed just for you.
The IPL photo facial results can emerge gradually, revealing clearer, more radiant skin over time. Steer clear of any harsh products or exfoliants for at least a week. Our commitment is to ensure you feel informed and comfortable with the proposed plan before moving forward.

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You'll feel a gentle warmth and muscle contractions during the session, which many find quite tolerable.
Evolve-X isn't just about sculpting your body; it's about enhancing your overall quality of life. This extra time also allows you to relax and mentally prepare for your consultation. Avoid direct sun exposure as your skin will be more sensitive. Evolve-X isn't just a treatment; it's your shortcut to the body you've always wanted.

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In general, a filler is something that is used to fill gaps. Specialized meanings include:

Materials

[edit]
  • Filler (animal food), dietary fiber and other ingredients added to pet foods to provide bulk
  • Filler (materials), particles added to a matrix material, usually to improve its properties
  • Filler (packaging), a machine designed to fill packaging, usually occurs in food packaging
  • Filler metal, metal added in the making of a joint through welding, brazing, or soldering
  • Grain filler, a product that is used to achieve a smooth-textured wood finish
  • Injectable filler, a soft tissue filler injected into the skin to help fill in facial wrinkles
  • Star filler, a plastic insert in computer cables which separates wires

Media and entertainment

[edit]
  • Filler (media), in television and other media, material that exists outside the story arc to pad out other material
  • "Filler", song by hardcore punk band Minor Threat, from their debut E.P.

Other uses

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Cosmetic may refer to:

  • Cosmetics, or make-up, substances to enhance the beauty of the human body, apart from simple cleaning
  • Cosmetic, an adjective describing beauty, aesthetics, or appearance, especially concerning the human body
  • Cosmetic, a topical product that is not a drug
  • In-game cosmetics, video game virtual goods that generally offer no competitive advantage

See also

[edit]

Wrinkles on the face and hands are a typical sign of aging

A wrinkle, also known as a rhytid, is a fold, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface, such as on skin or fabric. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of ageing processes such as glycation,[1] habitual sleeping positions,[2] loss of body mass, sun damage,[3] or temporarily, as the result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors.[4] In humans, it can also be prevented to some degree by avoiding excessive solar exposure and through diet (in particular through consumption of carotenoids, tocopherols and flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, D and E), essential omega-3-fatty acids, certain proteins and lactobacilli).[5]

Skin

[edit]

Causes for aging wrinkles

[edit]
A woman of European origin with facial wrinkles

Development of facial wrinkles is a kind of fibrosis of the skin. Misrepair-accumulation aging theory suggests that wrinkles develop from incorrect repairs of injured elastic fibers and collagen fibers.[6][7][8] Repeated extensions and compressions of the skin cause repeated injuries of extracellular fibers in derma. During the repairing process, some of the broken elastic fibers and collagen fibers are not regenerated and restored but replaced by altered fibers. When an elastic fiber is broken in an extended state, it may be replaced by a "long" collagen fiber. Accumulation of "long" collagen fibers makes part of the skin looser and stiffer, and as a consequence, a big fold of skin appears. When a "long" collagen is broken in a compressed state, it may be replaced by a "short" collagen fiber. The "shorter" collagen fibers will restrict the extension of "longer" fibers, and make the “long" fibers in a folding state permanently. A small fold, namely a permanent wrinkle, then appears.

Sleep wrinkles

[edit]

Sleep wrinkles are created and reinforced when the face is compressed against a pillow or bed surface in side or stomach sleeping positions during sleep.[9] They appear in predictable locations due to the underlying superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and are usually distinct from wrinkles of facial expression.[10] As with wrinkles of facial expression, sleep wrinkles can deepen and become permanent over time, unless the habitual sleeping positions which cause the wrinkles are altered.[11]

Water-immersion wrinkling

[edit]
A wrinkled finger after a warm bath

The wrinkles that occur in skin over prolonged exposure to water are sometimes referred to as pruney fingers or water aging. This is a temporary skin condition where the skin on the palms of the hand or feet becomes wrinkly. This wrinkling response may have imparted an evolutionary benefit by providing improved traction in wet conditions,[12] and a better grasp of wet objects.[13] These results were called into question by a 2014 study that failed to reproduce any improvement of handling wet objects with wrinkled fingertips.[14] However, a 2020 study of gripping efficiency found that wrinkles decreased the force required to grip wet objects by 20%, supporting the traction hypothesis.[15]

Prior to a 1935 study, the common explanation was based on water absorption in the keratin-laden epithelial skin when immersed in water,[16] causing the skin to expand and resulting in a larger surface area, forcing it to wrinkle. Usually the tips of the fingers and toes are the first to wrinkle because of a thicker layer of keratin and an absence of hairs which secrete the protective oil called sebum.

Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling

In the 1935 study, however, Lewis and Pickering were studying patients with palsy of the median nerve when they discovered that skin wrinkling did not occur in the areas of the patients' skin normally innervated by the damaged nerve. This suggested that the nervous system plays an essential role in wrinkling, so the phenomenon could not be entirely explained simply by water absorption. Recent research shows that wrinkling is related to vasoconstriction.[17][18] Water probably initiates the wrinkling process by altering the balance of electrolytes in the skin as it diffuses into the hands and soles via their many sweat ducts. This could alter the stability of the membranes of the many neurons that synapse on the many blood vessels underneath skin, causing them to fire more rapidly. Increased neuronal firing causes blood vessels to constrict, decreasing the amount of fluid underneath the skin. This decrease in fluid would cause a decrease in tension, causing the skin to become wrinkly.[19]

This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the hands for 30 minutes in water or EMLA cream with measurements steps of 5 minutes, and counting the number of visible wrinkles in time. Not all healthy persons have finger wrinkling after immersion, so it would be safe to say that sympathetic function is preserved if finger wrinkling after immersion in water is observed, but if the fingers emerge smooth it cannot be assumed that there is a lesion to the autonomic supply or to the peripheral nerves of the hand.[20]

Other animals with wrinkles

[edit]

Examples of wrinkles can be found in various animal species that grow loose, excess skin, particularly when they are young. Several breeds of dog, such as the Pug and the Shar Pei, have been bred to exaggerate this trait. In dogs bred for fighting, this is the result of selection for loose skin, which confers a protective advantage.[21]

Techniques for reducing the appearance of aging wrinkles

[edit]
A man receiving a botox injection

Current evidence suggests that tretinoin decreases cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, although the exact mode of action is unknown. Additionally, tretinoin stimulates mitotic activity and increased turnover of follicular epithelial cells.[22] Tretinoin is better known by the brand name Retin-A.

Topical glycosaminoglycans supplements can help to provide temporary restoration of enzyme balance to slow or prevent matrix breakdown and consequent onset of wrinkle formation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are produced by the body to maintain structural integrity in tissues and to maintain fluid balance. Hyaluronic acid is a type of GAG that promotes collagen synthesis, repair, and hydration. GAGs serve as a natural moisturizer and lubricant between epidermal cells to inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Dermal fillers are injectable products frequently used to correct wrinkles, and other depressions in the skin. They are often a kind of soft tissue designed to enable injection into the skin for purposes of improving the appearance. The most common products are based on hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite.

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is a specific form of botulinum toxin manufactured by Allergan for both therapeutic and cosmetic use. Besides its cosmetic application, Botox is used in the treatment of other conditions including migraine headache and cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) (a neuromuscular disorder involving the head and neck).[23]

Dysport, manufactured by Ipsen, received FDA approval and is now used to treat cervical dystonia as well as glabellar lines in adults. In 2010, another form of botulinum toxin, one free of complexing proteins, became available to Americans. Xeomin received FDA approval for medical indications in 2010 and cosmetic indications in 2011.

Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of all wrinkles; it is indicated for the treatment of glabellar lines (between the eyebrows) in adults. Any other usage is not approved by the FDA and is considered off-label use.

Laser resurfacing is FDA-cleared skin resurfacing procedure in which lasers are used to improve the condition of the skin.[citation needed] Two types of lasers are used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the face; laser ablation, which removes thin layers of skin, and nonablative lasers that stimulate collagen production. Nonablative lasers are less effective than ablative ones but they are less invasive and recovery time is short. After the procedure people experience temporary redness, itching and swelling.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Danby, FW (Jul–Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation". Clin Dermatol. 4. 28 (4): 409–411. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.018. PMID 20620757.
  2. ^ American Academy of Dermatology. "Causes of Aging". AgingSkinNet. American Academy of Dermatology. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  3. ^ Cosmetic Procedures for Wrinkles
  4. ^ Anderson, Laurence. 2006. Looking Good, the Australian guide to skin care, cosmetic medicine and cosmetic surgery. AMPCo. Sydney. ISBN 0-85557-044-X.
  5. ^ Schagen, S. K.; Zampeli, V. A.; Makrantonaki, E.; Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). "Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging". Dermato-Endocrinology. 4 (3): 298–307. doi:10.4161/derm.22876. PMC 3583891. PMID 23467449.
  6. ^ Wang, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas; Wunderlin, Arne; Mahadeva, Ravi (2009). "Aging as a consequence of Misrepair—a novel theory of aging". arXiv:0904.0575 [q-bio.TO].
  7. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Aging as a process of accumulation of Misrepairs". arXiv:1503.07163 [q-bio.TO].
  8. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Tissue fibrosis: a principal evidence for the central role of Misrepairs in aging". arXiv:1505.01376 [q-bio.TO].
  9. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  10. ^ Fulton, James E.; Gaminchi, F. (1999). "Sleep Lines". Dermatol Surg. 25 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08073.x. PMID 9935097.
  11. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247 [246]. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  12. ^ Mark Changizi; Romann Weber; Ritesh Kotecha; Joseph Palazzo (2011). "Are Wet-Induced Wrinkled Fingers Primate Rain Treads?". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 77 (4): 286–90. doi:10.1159/000328223. PMID 21701145.
  13. ^ Kareklas, Kyriacos; Nettle, Daniel; Smulders, Tom V (January 9, 2013). "Water-induced finger wrinkles improve handling of wet objects". Biol. Lett. 9 (2): 20120999. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0999. PMC 3639753. PMID 23302867.
  14. ^ Haseleu, Julia; Omerbašić, Damir; Frenzel, Henning; Gross, Manfred; Lewin, Gary R. (2014). Goldreich, Daniel (ed.). "Water-Induced Finger Wrinkles Do Not Affect Touch Acuity or Dexterity in Handling Wet Objects". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e84949. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...984949H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084949. PMC 3885627. PMID 24416318.
  15. ^ Davis, N. (8 November 2020). "Water-immersion finger-wrinkling improves grip efficiency in handling wet objects". bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.11.07.372631.
  16. ^ "Dr Karl's Homework – Skin Wrinkles in Water (26/1/2000)". Abc.net.au. 2000-01-26. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
  17. ^ Einar P.V. Wilder-Smith; Adeline Chow (2003). "Water-immersion wrinkeling is due to vasoconstriction". Muscle & Nerve. 27 (3): 307–311. doi:10.1002/mus.10323. PMID 12635117. S2CID 45193684.
  18. ^ Einar P. V. Wilder-Smith (2004). "Water immersion wrinkling". Clinical Autonomic Research. 14 (2): 125–131. doi:10.1007/s10286-004-0172-4. PMID 15095056. S2CID 44938772.
  19. ^ H. Zhai, K.P. Whilem H. L. Maibach (2007). Dermatotoxicology. pp. 280–281.
  20. ^ G Alvarez, J Eurolo; P Canales (1980). "Finger wrinkling after immersion in water". British Medical Journal. 281 (6240): 586–587. doi:10.1136/bmj.281.6240.586-a. PMC 1713922. PMID 7427379.
  21. ^ The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide. Penguin. 15 August 2023. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-7440-8513-6.
  22. ^ Stefanaki C, Stratigos A, Katsambas A (June 2005). "Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging". J Cosmet Dermatol. 4 (2): 130–4. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2005.40215.x. PMID 17166212. S2CID 44702740.
  23. ^ Brin MF, Lew MF, Adler CH, Comella CL, Factor SA, Jankovic J, O'Brien C, Murray JJ, Wallace JD, Willmer-Hulme A, Koller M (1999). "Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 (7): 1431–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.53.7.1431. PMID 10534247.
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